What Are the Functions of the Body of a Vertebrate?

Vertebrates are defined as having a body axis made of "an integrated cylinder of bones, connective tissue, and muscle," according to T.J. Koob. Humans are vertebrates, and even though other animal groups contain more species than vertebrates, people come in contact with vertebrates all the time. The body composition determines how the animals act and function on a daily basis.

  1. Parts of the Body

    • The main feature of vertebrate bodies is the vertebral column, also known as the backbone. The backbone serves to surround and protect the central nerve cord. The vertebral column consists of the centrum, which is the "main bony disk-shaped or spool-shaped portion of the vertebra," according to the University of California Museum of Paleontology. The vertebrae run down the backbone and help maintain the form of the spine. All these body parts help to protect the central nervous system that allows vertebrates to properly function and survive.

    Evolution

    • Vertebrates appeared on the earth more than 500 million years ago. These animals did not develop jaws, however, until 100 million years later. The body parts of vertebrates help them to live all over the world in many different environments. Dermal bone and endoskeletal bone, as well as cartilage, allow vertebrates to explore and adapt to new environments, because crucial body organs are protected. Some vertebrates, like most mammals and dogfish sharks, nurture embryos inside the mother's body, while others lay eggs.

    Functions of Body Parts

    • The bones and cartilage around the central nervous system serve to protect the vertebrate from extreme harm or death. The surface area of the body either releases heat or retains cool air better with the use of skin, hair and fur. Fluids in vertebrates that help these animals survive include blood plasma and interstitial fluids, or fluids that fill small spaces in the bodies of vertebrates. Blood plasma prevents the spread of disease in vertebrates.

    Types of Vertebrates

    • Humans, as well as all other mammals, are considered vertebrates. Reptiles, such as alligators, frogs and lizards, are vertebrates, along with birds such as the parrot and pigeon. Fish are also considered vertebrates. Another animal group located in the vertebrate family is the rodent. Rodents include animals such as mice, squirrels, porcupines and others.