Genetics & Behavior of the Dog

Different traits exist within different breeds of dogs. Collies are known for their ability to herd, while hounds are acclaimed for their hunting skills, for example. Genetics determine some aspects of a dog's behavior, while others are based upon environment and training.

  1. Identification

    • Dogs are selectively bred for certain traits. Physical appearance, temperament, behavior and inherent skills are just some of the things that people selectively breed into dogs. These factors are determined by genetics--the probability that a trait will be passed from the parents to the puppies.

    Significance

    • Genetics play a very small part in a dog's behavior, according to Dr. Myrna Milani on behalf of the American Canine Foundation. Genetics may predispose a dog to act a certain way, but training and environment determine how the dog will behave.

    Benefits

    • A 20-year study conducted at the Jackson Laboratory concluded that any behavior can be encouraged or discouraged, regardless of genetics. Genetic predispositions simply mean that it is easier to encourage a certain behavior in a dog. For example, a dog that is genetically predisposed for vocalization is easier to train as a barking watch dog.

    Misconceptions

    • Just because a dog or dog breed is known to have a genetic predisposition toward a certain behavior does not mean they will readily exhibit that behavior. Dogs have individual personalities, much like humans do.

    Fun Fact

    • Dogs and wolves are genetically related. Domestic dogs and gray wolves are genetically different by approximately 0.2 percent.