1. Example 1: Lichens
Lichens are composite organisms formed by a mutualistic relationship between fungus and algae or cyanobacteria. Here's how the relationship benefits both partners:
- The fungus provides a stable and protective structure made up of hyphae, allowing the algae or cyanobacteria to live in a safe environment.
- In return, the algae or cyanobacteria use sunlight to undergo photosynthesis, producing carbohydrates that nourish both organisms.
2. Example 2: Mycorrhizae
Many plant roots form symbiotic associations with fungi to create mycorrhizae. The relationship is highly advantageous to both sides:
- The fungus extends its hyphae far and wide, greatly expanding the surface area available to the roots for water and nutrient absorption.
- The plant gives up a portion of its carbohydrates, supporting the nutrition and growth of the fungal partner.