In many cases, the limbs are fixed in an abnormal position and can’t be moved. There is abnormal bone growth and a decreased range of motion in the affected joints, which can cause difficulty walking or standing.
In affected animals, the limb affected might be short and twisted with the paw turning inward. Other signs include:
- A limb that appears to be shorter or longer than the contralateral limb.
- Bones in the affected leg may feel thick and shortened with restricted range of motion.
- The fetlock may hyperextend and the hock may be flexed.
- The limb may appear to bow out (genu varus) or bow in (genu valgus) when the feet are on the ground.
- The dog walks on the back of its fetlocks.
- The dog has a hopping gait.
- The dog has difficulty getting up.
- The dog experiences lameness.
- The affected leg may be held in an abnormal position.
- One affected limb.
Club foot is generally diagnosed at a very young age, between 2 to 4 weeks.
Treatment
While there is no cure, some dogs can be helped through surgery and physiotherapy to improve their quality of life. In cases where the deformity is mild and the dog is not experiencing any difficulties, treatment may not be necessary. However, in severe cases treatment is crucial.
Treatment options will vary depending on the severity of the deformity.
Treatment plans may include physical therapy and orthopedic surgery:
- Corrective surgery – If severe, corrective osteotomies (bone remodeling) may be performed between six to twelve months of age.
- Amputation – When one limb is severely deformed, amputation may be considered.
- Physical therapy – Following surgery, physical therapy may be recommended to help strengthen and rehabilitate the limb and improve mobility.
Prognosis
It can be difficult to predict the prognosis for dogs with club foot as it depends on the severity of the deformity and the success of any surgical intervention or rehabilitation.
- With severe deformity, prognosis is guarded to poor; however, prognosis can be good with mild congenital limb abnormalities.
- For dogs with mild deformities, the prognosis for dogs with club feet is generally good. Many will experience a complete resolution of symptoms if treated early.
- For dogs with severe deformities, the prognosis may be guarded to poor, but with early treatment and proper care, many dogs can still enjoy good quality of life.
If your dog has club foot, it is essential to seek advice and treatment from a veterinarian as soon as possible.