What anti-predatory adaptations have kangaroos adapted?

Kangaroos, being native to Australia, have evolved several anti-predatory adaptations to survive in a continent teeming with unique and perilous predators:

Powerful hind legs: Kangaroos' most distinctive feature is their robust and muscular hind legs, which enable them to leap great distances and achieve high speeds. This adaptation helps them escape predators by rapidly bounding away.

Speed and agility: Kangaroos can run at speeds up to 65 kilometers per hour (40 mph), making them one of the fastest land mammals in Australia. Their agility allows them to change direction quickly and maneuver through dense vegetation, making it challenging for predators to catch them.

Bipedalism: Kangaroos are bipedal, meaning they walk on their hind legs, leaving their forelimbs free for other purposes such as grasping, manipulating objects, and fighting. This upright posture gives them better visibility, allowing them to detect predators earlier.

Thick skin: Kangaroos have thick, tough skin that can offer some protection against predator attacks. Their skin is less likely to be punctured by teeth or claws, giving them a better chance of survival.

Sociability: Kangaroos often live in groups known as "mobs," which provide safety in numbers. Living in groups allows them to collectively detect predators and raise an alarm, alerting the entire mob of potential danger.

Defensive behaviors: Kangaroos are not entirely defenseless. They can use their powerful hind legs to deliver strong kicks, which can be formidable against predators. In cases of confrontation, kangaroos may also use their sharp claws and teeth to defend themselves.