What Are the General Types of Squid?

Scientifically known as cephalopods, all squid share common characteristics. They possess two fins, a head, mantle, eight arms and two tentacles but come in a range of sizes. Known for their fast swimming speed and distinctive, torpedo-like shape, squid live in open water, often swimming in groups called swarms. Because they possess an advanced nervous system, squid communicate by changing colors through nervous impulses. Although squid share these characteristics, different species also possess individual attributes.

  1. Giant Squid

    • Known by the scientific community as architeuthis dux, most people refer to this large species as the giant or colossal squid. The largest known giant squid measured 42 feet. Along with its size, the giant squid has short arms with hooks and suckers, distinguishing it from other species. Giant squid live primarily in the ocean around New Zealand.

    California Market Squid

    • Known to the scientific community as loligo opalescens, the California market squid is found between Punta Eugenia, Baja California, and Monterey Bay, California, although they migrate throughout the eastern Pacific Ocean. They grow to a foot in length, making them a smaller species of squid. Unlike several other species, California market squid are known for their milky white and purple color, although they can change coloring like other squid when the need arises. Also known as the Pacific loligo, California market squid are often harvested for commercial use and human consumption.

    Bioluminescent Squid

    • Scientifically known as the taningia danae, the bioluminescent squid grows up to 7 feet in length, weighing about 135 lbs. at maturity. Although they are found globally, the bioluminescent squid seem to prefer the north Atlantic Ocean, where they can live as deep as 3,000 feet. This species has the ability to produce light. Unlike other squid, the bioluminescent squid lacks two feeding tentacles. However, it does have yellow photophores at the ends of its arms. Because it has the largest light-producing organs of any species in the world, the bioluminescent squid is capable of flashing its photophores at will. This particular species of squid also has claws on each sucker.