Types of Fish That Camouflage in Coral

Triggerfish

• The black (Melichthys niger), orange-green (Balistapus undulatus) and clown (Balistoides conspicillum) triggerfish are three of the best-known types of fish that camouflage themselves in the coral. The orange-green is the most aggressive, and it hides in order to wait for prey. The other two variations are known to feed aggressively, but tend to be gentler and more focused on food. Depending on their habitat, the colors of these fish vary slightly.

Harlequin Filefish

• The harlequin filefish (Oxymonacanthus longirostris) is known for its polka-dot markings, and rests in acropora coral. Its unique markings allow it to blend in with the coral, and it can even hide its fins to complete the look. Attaching itself with a spine on the back of the head, the harlequin is able to remain in one spot while it sleeps, even though it typically chooses a spot near the top of the coral.

Bluestriped Fangblenny

• Although there are other types of animals that have the ability, the bluestriped fangblenny (Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos) is the first fish that has been observed changing its coloration to better blend in with surroundings. Having this ability allows the fish -- native to Australia -- to blend in the with crowds and chase food sources without being noticed.

Decorator Crab and Crocodile Fish

• Though not a fish, the decorator crab (Naxia tumida) has a unique means of camouflage gives it the ability to remain undetected even in motion. By attaching small pieces of coral and plant life to its shell, this crab can blend into its surroundings, even when it's on the ocean floor.

  The crocodile fish (Cymbacephalus beauforti) prefers to hide itself in an exposed reef, where its coloration and body allow it to remain in plain sight. They remain entirely still, waiting for prey -- some small fish even use their spiny bodies as resting places without realizing it.

Hawkfish

• The falco hawkfish (Cirrhitichtys falco) and the longnosed hawkfish (Oxycirrhites typus) rest in and on corals, searching and waiting for prey. Though neither are good swimmers, they rely on the complexity of their markings to hide them from predators and their eventual prey. They feed on smaller fish and shrimps, and they often have distinctive red coloration.

Clownfish

• There are a number of different species of clownfish, and all of them rely on their coloration blending in with their surroundings to serve as a means of protection. Ranging in color from bright and vibrant oranges and yellows to subdued pink, clownfish often hide among the sea plants that thrive on coral reefs. The best known is the percula (Amphiprion ocellaris) clownfish, and the largest is the maroon (Premnas biaculeatus). This family of fish is known to be aggressive and territorial, feeding on small crustaceans and plankton.