- Cornea: A transparent, dome-shaped structure that covers the front of the eye and helps focus light onto the retina.
- Iris: A colored circular structure that surrounds the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
- Pupil: A black circular opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
- Retina: A light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) responsible for converting light into electrical signals.
- Optic nerve: A bundle of nerve fibers that carry visual information from the retina to the brain.
Ears:
- Auricle (Pinna): The visible, fleshy part of the outer ear that collects sound waves and directs them into the ear canal.
- Ear canal: A tube that leads from the pinna to the middle ear and transmits sound waves.
- Tympanic membrane (Eardrum): A thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves.
- Middle ear: An air-filled cavity containing small bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) that amplify and transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear.
- Inner ear: A fluid-filled, spiral-shaped structure containing the cochlea, which is responsible for transforming sound vibrations into electrical signals.
Nose:
- Nostril: Each of the two openings on the front of the nose through which air enters and exits.
- Nasal cavity: A large, air-filled chamber inside the nose lined with mucous membranes and responsible for filtering, warming, and moistening inhaled air.
- Olfactory bulb: A specialized structure located in the upper part of the nasal cavity that contains olfactory receptor cells responsible for detecting odors.
- Nasal septum: A thin wall of cartilage and bone that separates the nasal cavity into two halves.
Mouth and Tongue:
- Lips: Two fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth and aid in speaking, eating, and expressing emotions.
- Tongue: A muscular organ covered with taste buds, which are specialized cells that detect different flavors.
- Palate: The roof of the mouth, consisting of the hard palate (formed by bone) and the soft palate (formed by muscle and tissue) that separates the nasal cavity from the mouth.
- Dental arches: Two horseshoe-shaped structures in the upper and lower jaws that hold and support the teeth.
- Teeth: Hard, calcified structures used for biting, tearing, and grinding food.
These special body parts have unique structures and functions that enable us to perceive our surroundings and interact with them effectively.