- European bison (Bison bonasus): Found in small, isolated populations in a handful of countries, including Poland, Belarus, and Russia
- Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus): Critically endangered, with a population estimated to be less than 500 individuals, found only in fragmented habitats in Spain and Portugal
- Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis): A subspecies of the ringed seal found exclusively in Lake Saimaa in Finland, with a population of around 400 individuals
- European mink (Mustela lutreola): Found in scattered populations across several European countries, facing threats from habitat loss and competition from American mink
- Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus): Critically endangered species of seal found in small populations in the Mediterranean Sea
- Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus): A small, semi-aquatic mammal endemic to the Pyrenees, with populations affected by habitat loss, pollution, and competition from non-native species
- Iberian imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti): An endangered bird of prey found in Spain and Portugal, threatened by habitat loss, collisions with power lines, and illegal hunting
- European beaver (Castor fiber): Once nearly extinct, the European beaver has been reintroduced to some areas but still faces threats from habitat loss, hunting, and climate change
- Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser sturio): A critically endangered fish species that migrates between marine and freshwater habitats, threatened by overfishing, habitat loss, and pollution