1. Habitat loss and fragmentation: The destruction and fragmentation of kiwi habitat due to deforestation, urban development, and agriculture have significantly reduced the area available for these birds to live. As their natural habitats shrink, kiwis face challenges in finding suitable breeding grounds and food resources.
2. Introduced predators: The introduction of predators, such as stoats, cats, and dogs, by humans has had a devastating impact on kiwi populations. These predators are responsible for killing large numbers of kiwi chicks and adults, contributing to the species' decline.