What is the condition known as humpback?

Kyphosis, commonly known as hunchback, is a medical condition in which the spine has an abnormal curvature that results in a rounding of the upper back. The spine normally has a slight curve inward at the top (called cervical lordosis) and outward at the bottom (called lumbar lordosis). When the spine curves excessively outward in the upper back, this is known as kyphosis.

Kyphosis can be caused by various factors, including:

1. Postural Kyphosis: This is the most common type of kyphosis and is usually caused by poor posture, weak back muscles, or prolonged sitting or standing in a hunched position. It commonly occurs in adolescents and elderly individuals.

2. Scheuermann's Kyphosis: This is a type of kyphosis that specifically affects adolescents and is characterized by a rounded upper back with a humplike appearance. It is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

3. Congenital Kyphosis: This type of kyphosis is present from birth and can be caused by abnormalities in the vertebrae during fetal development.

4. Degenerative Kyphosis: This type of kyphosis is common in older adults and occurs due to age-related changes in the spine, such as degeneration of the intervertebral discs, weakening of bones, and decreased muscle strength.

5. Secondary Kyphosis: This type of kyphosis develops as a result of other underlying medical conditions, such as osteoporosis, inflammatory diseases (e.g., ankylosing spondylitis), certain genetic disorders, or muscle ضعف

The severity of kyphosis can vary from mild to severe and may cause symptoms such as back pain, stiffness, fatigue, reduced mobility, and cosmetic concerns. Treatment options for kyphosis depend on the cause and severity of the condition and may include exercises to strengthen back muscles, bracing, physical therapy, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention.