Natural Predators:
* Orcas (Killer Whales): Orcas are the apex predator of the ocean and are known to prey on gray seals, especially young or vulnerable individuals.
* Polar Bears: In areas where gray seals inhabit ice floes, polar bears can pose a threat, particularly during the pupping season when seals are vulnerable on land.
* Great White Sharks: While not a frequent predator, great white sharks can potentially pose a threat to adult gray seals, especially in areas where their ranges overlap.
Other Threats:
While not technically predators, these factors can also negatively impact gray seal populations:
* Human activities: Fishing gear entanglement, habitat loss, and pollution can all contribute to gray seal mortality.
* Disease: Various diseases can affect gray seals, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections.
It's important to note that gray seals are primarily preyed upon by apex predators like orcas, but their populations are also influenced by human activities and disease.