1. Salmonellosis: Caused by Salmonella bacteria, salmonellosis can cause respiratory and gastrointestinal problems, including diarrhea, weakness, and potential mortality.
2. Newcastle Disease: A highly contagious viral infection that affects multiple organs, including the respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems. Symptoms include respiratory distress, gasping, and neurological signs such as tremors or seizures.
3. Trichomoniasis: Caused by a parasitic protozoan called Trichomonas gallinae, trichomoniasis primarily affects the upper digestive tract, leading to symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, and mouth lesions.
4. Avian Pox: A viral infection that causes raised, wart-like lesions on unfeathered areas, particularly the head, eyes, and legs. While it can be disfiguring, it's usually not fatal.
5. West Nile Virus: Transmitted by infected mosquitoes, West Nile Virus can cause neurological problems, including lethargy, disorientation, and muscle weakness. It can be fatal, particularly in older or immunocompromised birds.
6. Mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis: A bacterial infection that leads to inflammation and swelling in and around the eyes. Symptoms include conjunctivitis, discharge, and impaired vision.
7. House Finch Eye Disease: Caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma gallisepticum, house finch eye disease primarily affects house finches but can also impact other species, including Northern Cardinals. Symptoms include swelling and discharge around the eyes, as well as conjunctivitis.
8. Avian Influenza: A viral infection that affects several bird species, including Northern Cardinals. Symptoms vary but can include respiratory distress, coughing, sneezing, and decreased activity.
9. Internal Parasites: Cardinals can host various internal parasites, including roundworms, tapeworms, and coccidia, which can cause weight loss, diarrhea, and other health problems.
10. External Parasites: Northern Cardinals can be affected by various external parasites, such as mites and lice, which can cause discomfort, irritation, and potentially lead to feather damage or secondary infections.
It's important to note that not all diseases affecting wild birds are prevalent or pose significant threats to Northern Cardinals specifically. If you observe any unusual symptoms or signs of illness in a cardinal or other wild bird, it's advisable to seek professional advice or reach out to local wildlife rehabilitators for assistance.