Arctic terns (Sterna paradisaea) are medium-sized seabirds with a striking appearance:
Size: Arctic terns have an average body length of 33-39 cm (13-15 inches) and a wingspan of 76-85 cm (30-33 inches).
Weight: They typically weigh between 85-125 grams (3-4 ounces).
Coloration:
- Adults have a black cap that extends down the back of their head, contrasting with their white forehead and cheeks.
- Their upperparts are pale gray, while the underparts are white.
- Their primary flight feathers are black, and the outer tail feathers are white.
- Their slender, pointed beak is typically bright red with a black tip, but it may appear orange or yellow during non-breeding seasons.
- Their legs and feet are also red.
Wings: Arctic terns have long, pointed wings that allow them to undertake extensive migrations. Their wings are adapted for long-distance flights and are relatively narrow and streamlined.
Tail: The tail of an Arctic tern is long and forked, with the outer feathers being noticeably longer than the central ones.
During breeding season: Adult Arctic terns develop elongated central tail feathers that can be up to 20 cm (8 inches) long. These long tail feathers are an important part of their courtship displays and are used in aerial acrobatics.
Arctic terns are known for their graceful flight and agility. They are skilled flyers and can reach impressive speeds during their migrations. Their distinctive appearance and elegant flight make them a familiar and admired sight in many coastal areas around the world.