Arctic foxes are believed to have evolved from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) that migrated north during the last ice age, around 10,000 years ago. As they adapted to the Arctic environment, they developed their unique physical characteristics and behaviors.
Today, Arctic foxes can be found in a variety of habitats within the Arctic Circle, including tundra, sea ice, and coastal areas. They are opportunistic feeders, and their diet includes small mammals, birds, fish, insects, and even carrion.
Arctic foxes are also known for their social behavior. They live in small family groups called "packs," which typically consist of a mated pair and their offspring. Packs may share territory, but they generally hunt and forage independently.
Arctic foxes are important members of the Arctic ecosystem, and they play a role in controlling rodent populations and dispersing seeds. They are also a valuable resource for indigenous peoples in the Arctic, who use their fur for clothing and other purposes.