Coastal regions of Antarctica: Penguins are well-adapted to the cold and icy conditions of Antarctica, where they can be found in large numbers along the coastlines and on the sea ice.
Subantarctic islands: Penguins can also be found on subantarctic islands, such as the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, where the climate is cooler and more humid.
Coastal regions of South America: Some penguin species, such as the Magellanic penguin and the Humboldt penguin, live along the coastal regions of South America, where the climate is milder and the waters are rich in fish.
Coastal regions of Africa: Penguins can also be found along the coastal regions of Africa, such as the Cape of Good Hope, where the climate is temperate and the waters are rich in fish.