While humans are born feet-first, most other land mammals are born head first. Whales, being aquatic creatures but still mammals, are similarly born head first. It helps prevent the baby from entering the water before its lungs are fully functional.
Birth Canal
The birth canal of a whale is located on the underside of the body, close to the tail. The fetus grows upside-down in the mother’s womb so that it exits headfirst. During labor, the muscles in the mother’s uterus contract, pushing the fetus down the birth canal and out into the water.
Breaking The Surface
Once out of the birth canal, the mother whale will help her newborn break the surface of the water. She will nudge it to the surface and help it take its first breath of air. The newborn will have a special diving reflex that will help it hold its breath for long periods underwater.
Nursing
After breaking the surface, the baby whale will begin nursing from its mother. The mother whale’s milk is rich in nutrients and fats that will help the baby grow quickly. The baby will suckle for several months until it is weaned and can start eating solid food.
Growing Up
Baby whales grow quickly and may weigh several tons within their first year of life. They will also begin learning to swim and dive alongside their mothers and other pod members. Depending on the species, it can take up to 10 years for a whale to reach full adulthood.