1. Mating: Monkeys reach sexual maturity at varying ages depending on the species, but most are sexually active by the time they are 3-5 years old. Reproduction occurs through sexual intercourse, which typically involves the male mounting the female. During mating, the male inserts his penis into the female's vagina and ejaculates semen, containing sperm cells.
2. Estrus: Female monkeys experience estrus or periods of sexual receptivity during their menstrual cycle. During estrous, the female displays certain behaviors and physical signs (such as increased swelling or coloration of the genitals) to indicate her readiness to mate.
3. Conception and Gestation: If fertilization occurs during mating, the female monkey will become pregnant. Gestation periods vary among monkey species, ranging from about 4 months for smaller monkeys like marmosets to over 8 months for larger primates such as chimpanzees.
4. Birth: When the gestation period is complete, the female gives birth to one or multiple infants (twins are common in some species). Monkey births typically occur in a secluded location, such as a tree or a nest.
5. Infant Care: After birth, the mother monkey takes primary responsibility for caring for the infant. The newborn monkey clings to its mother's body and receives nourishment through breastfeeding. The mother provides protection, grooming, and teaches the infant survival skills. In some species, the father or other group members may also play a role in caring for and raising the young.
6. Development: Monkey infants undergo rapid physical and social development. They learn to walk, climb, and interact with other monkeys within their group. As they grow older, they gradually become more independent and learn to forage for food, find shelter, and navigate their environment.
It's important to note that specific reproductive behaviors and characteristics may vary among different monkey species, and some variations exist in mating systems, social structures, and parental involvement in different primate societies.