What happens in Congo virus?

The Congo virus, also known as the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus, causes Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). CCHF is a severe tick-borne viral disease that can cause severe and often fatal illness. Here's an overview of what happens in Congo virus infection:

1. Transmission: The Congo virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick, particularly ticks of the genus Hyalomma. It can also be transmitted through contact with infected animal blood, tissues, or bodily fluids.

2. Incubation period: The incubation period (the time from exposure to the virus to the onset of symptoms) for CCHF is usually 2 to 7 days, rarely extending up to 13 days.

3. Initial symptoms: The initial symptoms of CCHF include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, joint pain, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms are common to many viral infections, so it can be difficult to diagnose CCHF based solely on initial symptoms.

4. Hemorrhagic phase: After a few days, the disease can progress to a more severe hemorrhagic phase characterized by bleeding from various sites, such as the nose, gums, gastrointestinal tract, and under the skin (causing bruising). The bleeding can be severe and can lead to life-threatening complications.

5. Multiple organ failure: In severe cases, CCHF can lead to multiple organ failure involving the liver, kidneys, lungs, and central nervous system. Liver damage can cause jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Kidney failure can lead to the accumulation of waste products and fluid in the body.

6. Complications and mortality: CCHF can be fatal in up to 40% of cases if not treated promptly and appropriately. The risk of severe illness and death is higher among those with underlying medical conditions or weakened immune systems.

7. Treatment: There is no specific antiviral treatment for CCHF. Treatment is mainly supportive and includes measures to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and provide organ support. This may involve intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, respiratory support, and medications to control bleeding and prevent infection.

8. Prevention: Prevention of CCHF focuses on avoiding tick bites and contact with infected animals. This can be achieved by using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and taking precautions when handling animals or working in areas where ticks are prevalent. Vaccination against CCHF is available in some countries where the disease is endemic, but it is not widely available globally.