1. Large ears: African elephants have very large ears, which are covered in a network of blood vessels. These ears help to dissipate heat by radiating it into the environment. When the elephant flaps its ears, it increases air circulation and further promotes heat loss.
2. Thin skin: African elephants have thin skin, which helps to facilitate heat transfer. The skin is also covered in sparse hair, which allows for better heat dissipation.
3. Subcutaneous fat: African elephants have a layer of subcutaneous fat, which helps to insulate the body and reduce heat loss.
4. High metabolic rate: African elephants have a high metabolic rate, which means that they produce a lot of heat as they digest their food. This heat helps to keep them warm in cold weather, but it can also be a challenge in hot conditions. The elephants' adaptations for transferring heat help them to stay cool even when their metabolic rate is high.
5. Behavior: African elephants also engage in certain behaviors that help them to transfer heat. For example, they may seek out shade or wallow in water or mud to cool down.