Howler monkeys are preyed upon by a variety of predators, including jaguars, pumas, harpy eagles, and boa constrictors.
Defense mechanisms:
- Loud calls: Howler monkeys are best known for their loud calls, which are produced by the males and can be heard from up to 2 miles away. These calls serve multiple functions, including:
- Warning other howler monkeys of potential danger.
- Communicating with other members of their group, such as during territorial disputes.
- Attracting females during mating season.
- Long limbs: Howler monkeys have long limbs and tails that allow them to move quickly through the trees.
- Sharp claws: Their sharp claws provide good grip on branches and can also be used as a form of defense against predators.
- Social living: Howler monkeys live in social groups, which provide protection in numbers and allow for cooperative defense against predators. When a predator is spotted, the entire group will often make loud calls to warn each other and may engage in mobbing behavior to drive the predator away.
- Camouflage: Howler monkeys have a brownish or black fur coloration that provides camouflage in their forest environment.