1. Habitat loss and fragmentation: The Bengal tiger primarily inhabits the Sundarbans mangrove forest and the Terai region. These areas have faced extensive deforestation due to human activities such as logging, agriculture, and infrastructure development. Fragmentation of tiger habitats disrupts their territorial ranges, reduces prey availability, and increases their vulnerability to poaching.
2. Poaching and illegal trade: Tiger parts, including their skin, bones, and teeth, are highly valued in illegal wildlife trade, primarily for traditional medicine and decorative purposes. Poaching remains a significant threat to the Bengal tiger population, driven by organized criminal networks.
3. Human-tiger conflict: As human settlements expand and encroach on tiger habitats, conflicts between humans and tigers occur. Tigers may attack livestock or humans, leading to retaliation killings or the use of traps and poison to kill tigers.
4. Climate change: The Sundarbans, home to the largest single population of Bengal tigers, is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Rising sea levels and increased frequency of cyclones threaten tiger habitats and reduce the availability of prey species like fish and deer.
5. Prey base depletion: Overhunting of prey species such as deer and wild pigs by humans reduces food availability for tigers. Competition for prey with domestic livestock also poses a challenge.
6. Lack of conservation awareness: Insufficient understanding and appreciation of the ecological importance and cultural significance of the Bengal tiger have hindered conservation efforts. Engaging local communities and raising awareness are essential for long-term tiger conservation success.
Addressing these challenges requires collaborative efforts from governments, conservation organizations, local communities, and international cooperation to ensure the survival of the Bengal tiger and protect their habitats.