How do Caspian tiger disappeared?

1. Over-hunting: The Caspian tiger was once widely distributed across the Caspian Sea region, but it began to decline in the early 19th century due to excessive hunting for its fur and other body parts. Hunting was particularly intense during the Russian imperial period when tiger pelts were highly prized and used as luxury items.

2. Habitat loss: The destruction and fragmentation of the Caspian tiger's habitat were significant factors in its disappearance. The tiger's natural habitats, consisting of dense forests, wetlands, and grasslands, were converted for agriculture, logging, and human settlements. This loss of habitat reduced the area available for the tigers to roam, hunt, and reproduce.

3. Population fragmentation: As human activities encroached on tiger habitats, the tiger population became increasingly fragmented. This isolation of small populations made it difficult for tigers to find mates and maintain genetic diversity, leading to inbreeding and reduced reproductive success.

4. Competition with humans and livestock: The expansion of human settlements and agriculture brought tigers into conflict with humans and their livestock. Tigers were often killed in retaliation for attacking livestock or humans. Additionally, competition for prey species between tigers and domestic animals contributed to the decline in tiger populations.

5. Lack of conservation efforts: For a long time, there was a lack of effective conservation measures in place to protect the Caspian tiger. This allowed hunting, habitat destruction, and other human-induced threats to persist unabated. Conservation initiatives only began to emerge in the late 20th century when the tiger population had already reached critically low levels.

6. Illegal trade: There was an illegal trade in Caspian tiger parts and products, including their fur, bones, and claws, which further contributed to the tiger's decline.

7. Climate change: Climate change may have also played a role in the disappearance of the Caspian tiger, although its specific impact is not well understood. Changing weather patterns and altered habitats could have affected the tiger's prey species and overall survival.

The combination of these factors resulted in the rapid decline of the Caspian tiger population. By the middle of the 20th century, the species had become extinct in the wild, with the last known individual confirmed in 1954 in Iran. Despite conservation efforts, the Caspian tiger has not been able to recover and remains extinct in the wild.