1. Habitat Loss: The Ganges shark is found in the freshwater rivers of South Asia, mainly in the Ganges and Brahmaputra River systems. However, due to human activities like dam construction, river diversion, and deforestation, its natural habitat has been significantly reduced and fragmented.
2. Overfishing: The Ganges shark is often caught as bycatch in fishing nets, particularly in artisanal and commercial fisheries targeting other fish species. It also faces direct fishing pressure due to its meat, fins, and oil, which are used for various purposes.
3. Pollution: Industrial pollution, agricultural runoff, and sewage discharge have severely degraded water quality in the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers. This pollution can cause habitat degradation, reduced food availability, and various health problems for the sharks.
4. Hunting and Poaching: The Ganges shark is sometimes intentionally targeted by fishermen and poachers due to its perceived threat to humans. Additionally, its teeth and jaws are considered valuable souvenirs, leading to illegal trade and collection.
5. Low Reproductive Rate: The Ganges shark has a relatively low reproductive rate, producing only a few young per litter. This slow reproductive cycle makes it difficult for the population to recover from population declines caused by various threats.
6. Limited Range: The Ganges shark has a relatively restricted distribution, found only in specific river systems in South Asia. This limited range means that the species is more vulnerable to localized threats and has fewer options for habitat connectivity.
Due to these factors, the Ganges shark has experienced a significant population decline, leading to its critically endangered status. Conservation efforts, such as habitat protection, sustainable fishing practices, and public awareness, are crucial for preserving the Ganges shark and its habitat.