Abiotic Factors
* Climate: The climate of the Galápagos Islands is classified as tropical, but the islands experience a range of microclimates due to the varying altitudes and topography of the islands. The average annual temperature is around 75 degrees Fahrenheit (24 degrees Celsius), and the islands experience two main seasons: a dry season from May to November and a wet season from December to April.
* Ocean currents: The Galápagos Islands are located at the convergence of several major ocean currents, which influence the climate and ecology of the islands. The Humboldt Current, a cold current from the south, brings nutrient-rich waters that support the growth of phytoplankton, the base of the marine food chain. The Panama Current, a warm current from the north, brings warmer waters and promotes coral growth.
* Geology: The Galápagos Islands are the result of volcanic activity over millions of years. The islands are composed of lava, ash, and volcanic rock, and the landscape is characterized by volcanoes, lava flows, and cinder cones. The active volcanoes of the Galápagos Islands are a constant reminder of the ongoing geological processes that are shaping the islands.
Biotic Factors
* Marine life: The Galápagos Islands are renowned for their rich marine life, which includes a diverse array of species such as marine iguanas, sea lions, fur seals, penguins, and various species of fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. The islands are home to several endemic species, such as the Galápagos giant tortoise, the marine iguana, and the flightless cormorant.
* Terrestrial life: The Galápagos Islands are also home to a variety of terrestrial life, including reptiles, birds, and insects. The islands are home to several endemic species, such as the Galápagos hawk, the Galápagos mockingbird, and the Galápagos tortoise.
* Plant life: The Galápagos Islands are home to a variety of plant species, including cacti, mangroves, and other coastal plants. The islands are also home to several endemic plant species, such as the Galápagos daisy, the Galápagos tomato, and the Galápagos morning glory.
The abiotic and biotic factors of the Galápagos Islands have combined to create a unique and fragile ecosystem that is home to a diverse array of species. The islands are a reminder of the importance of conserving natural ecosystems and protecting the species that call them home.