- Bared Teeth: A wolf baring its teeth is a sign of aggression or a warning to stay away.
- Flattened Ears: Flattened ears are a sign of submission or fear.
- Raised Hackles: Raised hackles are a sign of aggression or excitement.
- Paws Up: A wolf raising its paws is a sign of playfulness or submission.
- Tail Up: A tail held high is a sign of confidence or dominance.
- Tail Down: A tail held low is a sign of submission or fear.
- Tail Between Legs: A tail held between the legs is a sign of extreme fear or submission.
- Licking Lips: A wolf licking its lips is a sign of hunger, anxiety, or anticipation.
- Yawning: A wolf yawning is a sign of tiredness, boredom, or stress.
- Nuzzling: A wolf nuzzling another wolf is a sign of affection or bonding.
Scent Marking
- Urine Marking: Wolves urinate on trees, rocks, or other objects to mark their territory.
- Fecal Marking: Wolves defecate in conspicuous places to mark their territory.
- Rubbing: Wolves rub their bodies against trees, rocks, or other objects to leave their scent.
Vocalizations
- Howling: Wolves howl to communicate with each other over long distances.
- Yapping: Wolves yap when they are excited, playful, or curious.
- Growling: Wolves growl when they are angry, aggressive, or threatened.
- Whining: Wolves whine when they are injured, hungry, or thirsty.
- Barking: Wolves bark when they are alarmed or surprised.