Large Ungulates:
* Elk: A primary food source in many areas.
* Moose: Especially important in areas with dense forests.
* Deer: White-tailed deer, mule deer, and other species.
* Bison: Historically a major prey item, but now more limited in range.
* Caribou: Important in northern regions.
* Sheep: Mountain goats and bighorn sheep.
Other Prey:
* Smaller mammals: Rabbits, hares, squirrels, beavers, and rodents.
* Fish: Especially important in areas with rivers and lakes.
* Birds: Occasionally prey on birds, particularly young or injured ones.
Factors Influencing Prey Choice:
* Availability: Wolves will hunt the prey that is most common and accessible in their territory.
* Size and Strength: Wolves are strong and capable of taking down large animals.
* Seasonality: Prey availability changes throughout the year, influencing wolf hunting strategies.
It's important to note that gray wolves play a crucial role in maintaining healthy ecosystems. Their hunting patterns help to control prey populations, which can have positive impacts on vegetation and other species.