* Larger Predators: While rare, in some areas, wolves can be preyed upon by bears, especially brown bears and polar bears.
* Pack Dynamics: The most significant threat to wolves is from other wolves, particularly in cases of competition for territory or resources. Wolves within a pack can be aggressive towards each other, and older or weaker wolves may be driven out or even killed.
* Human Impact: Humans can be a significant threat to wolves through hunting, habitat loss, and conflicts with livestock.
It's important to remember that wolves are highly adaptable and have complex social structures. Their primary threats are usually from other wolves or human activity. They are not commonly preyed upon by other species.