Here are some factors that can influence a wolf's lifespan:
* Habitat: Wolves in harsh environments with limited resources tend to have shorter lifespans.
* Health: Wolves with chronic illnesses or injuries have a lower chance of surviving to old age.
* Predation: Wolf pups are vulnerable to predators, and adults can be killed by other wolves or large carnivores.
* Hunting: In areas where wolves are hunted, their lifespan is significantly reduced.
It's important to note that these are just general estimates. Individual wolves can live longer or shorter depending on a variety of factors.