Large Prey:
* Elk/Moose/Deer: These are primary food sources for wolves in many areas, especially during winter.
* Bison: Wolves will take down bison, particularly calves and older/weaker individuals, especially in areas where bison populations are high.
* Caribou: In northern regions, caribou are a significant food source.
* Sheep: In mountainous areas, wolves may prey on sheep, both wild and domestic.
Smaller Prey:
* Smaller Mammals: Wolves will also hunt smaller animals like rabbits, hares, beavers, squirrels, and even rodents.
* Fish: Wolves are known to fish, particularly in areas with abundant fish populations.
* Birds: Wolves may hunt birds, especially during nesting season or when birds are grounded by snow.
* Carrion: Wolves are scavengers and will eat dead animals when they can.
Factors Influencing Diet:
* Geographic Location: The availability of prey varies greatly depending on where wolves live.
* Season: Wolves' prey changes throughout the year, with larger ungulates being more important in winter when other prey is harder to find.
* Pack Size: Larger packs are capable of bringing down larger prey.
* Competition: Wolves may compete with other predators like bears, cougars, and coyotes for prey.
It's important to note that the relationship between wolves and their prey is complex and plays a significant role in maintaining healthy ecosystems.