Large Ungulates:
* Elk/Moose: These are often their preferred prey in areas where they are abundant.
* Deer: White-tailed deer, mule deer, and other species are commonly hunted.
* Bison: Where they co-exist, bison are a significant prey item.
* Caribou: In northern regions, caribou herds are an important food source.
* Sheep: Bighorn sheep and mountain goats are sometimes hunted, especially in mountainous areas.
Smaller Prey:
* Rodents: Mice, voles, and other rodents are often preyed upon, especially in winter.
* Rabbits: Snowshoe hares and other rabbit species are also part of their diet.
* Fish: Wolves may hunt fish in areas with easy access to rivers or lakes.
* Birds: Occasionally, wolves may prey on ground-nesting birds or young birds.
* Carrion: Wolves will scavenge on carcasses of other animals, especially in lean times.
Important Notes:
* Pack Size and Location: The prey a wolf pack hunts depends on their size and the location. Larger packs are more likely to hunt larger prey, and packs in different areas will target the species most common in their habitat.
* Seasonality: The prey a wolf hunts may change throughout the year, depending on availability.
* Competition: Wolves may compete with other predators like bears, cougars, and coyotes for prey.
Overall, grey wolves are highly adaptable predators, able to hunt a wide variety of prey depending on the circumstances. Their role in the ecosystem is crucial for maintaining healthy populations of ungulates and other prey species.