Here are some factors that can affect a wolf's lifespan:
* Habitat: Wolves living in harsh environments with limited food and shelter are more likely to die younger.
* Disease: Wolves are susceptible to various diseases like rabies, distemper, and parasites.
* Predation: Young wolves are more vulnerable to predators like bears, mountain lions, and other wolves.
* Hunting: Human hunting and trapping also contribute to wolf mortality.
It's important to note that these are just general guidelines, and individual wolves can live longer or shorter lives depending on their specific circumstances.