Large Prey:
* Deer: White-tailed deer, mule deer, elk, caribou, moose
* Bison: (especially in areas where they are present)
* Other large mammals: sheep, goats, cattle, horses, etc.
Smaller Prey:
* Rodents: Mice, voles, rabbits, squirrels
* Birds: Grouse, ducks, geese, other smaller birds
* Fish: Especially during times of year when other prey is scarce
* Carrion: Dead animals, which provides a valuable food source when other prey is limited
Important Considerations:
* Wolves are opportunistic feeders: They will take advantage of whatever prey is most readily available.
* Pack dynamics influence diet: A pack will typically focus on larger prey, while lone wolves might rely more on smaller animals.
* Seasonal variations: Their diet shifts throughout the year, depending on prey availability and migration patterns.
In some areas, humans are actively managing wolf populations, which can influence their prey base and overall diet. However, wolves are incredibly adaptable and have been known to adjust their feeding habits in response to changing environmental conditions.