Ravens use a variety of vocalizations to attract mates, including songs, calls, and duets. Songs are complex, multi-part vocalizations that are typically sung by males. Calls are simpler vocalizations that are used for communication between ravens. Duets are vocalizations that are sung by both males and females, and they are often used during courtship.
Displays
Ravens also use physical displays to attract mates. These displays include flying acrobatics, tail spreading, and bowing. Flying acrobatics involve ravens flying in complex patterns, such as loops, rolls, and dives. Tail spreading involves ravens spreading their tails out wide, and bowing involves ravens lowering their heads and bodies.
Gifts
Ravens sometimes give gifts to potential mates as a way of attracting them. These gifts can include food, objects, or even feathers. Food gifts are typically small items, such as berries or insects. Object gifts can include sticks, stones, or even pieces of jewelry. Feather gifts are typically feathers from the raven's own tail.
Courtship Rituals
Ravens have a variety of courtship rituals that they use to attract mates. These rituals typically involve a combination of vocalizations, displays, and gifts. One common courtship ritual involves the male raven flying acrobatically while singing a song. The female raven will then respond with her own song, and the pair will eventually land and exchange gifts. Another common courtship ritual involves the male raven bowing and spreading his tail while the female raven watches. The female raven will then decide whether or not to accept the male's advances.
Nesting
Ravens typically nest in pairs, and they choose nest sites that are hidden from predators. Nests are built in trees, cliffs, or even on the ground. Ravens typically lay 4-6 eggs, and they are incubated by both the male and female. The eggs hatch after about 21 days, and the chicks are fledged after about 6 weeks. Ravens typically mate for life and they may not mate again if they find a new mate.