Some major diseases that can affect gray wolves include:
* Canine distemper: This highly contagious viral infection affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems of canids, including wolves. It can cause fever, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea, and seizures.
* Rabies: This fatal viral infection affects the central nervous system of mammals, including wolves. It is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals and can cause aggression, paralysis, and death.
* Parvovirus: This highly contagious viral infection affects the gastrointestinal system of canids, including wolves. It can cause severe vomiting and diarrhea, leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
* Canine adenovirus-2 (CAV-2): This virus causes respiratory infections in wolves. Symptoms can include coughing, sneezing, and nasal discharge.
* Canine coronavirus: This virus causes gastrointestinal infections in wolves. Symptoms can include vomiting and diarrhea.
* Leptospirosis: This bacterial infection is spread through contact with the urine of infected animals. It can cause fever, jaundice, vomiting, and diarrhea.
* Sarcoptic mange: This skin disease is caused by a mite that burrows into the skin. It can cause intense itching, hair loss, and skin lesions.
* Demodectic mange: This skin disease is caused by a mite that lives in hair follicles. It can cause hair loss, skin lesions, and itching.
* Tuberculosis: This bacterial infection is spread through the air and can affect the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
* Brucellosis: This bacterial infection is spread through contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids. It can cause abortions, infertility, and joint pain.
* Echinococcosis: This parasitic infection is caused by tapeworms. It can cause cysts in the liver, lungs, and other organs.
* Toxoplasmosis: This parasitic infection is caused by a protozoan. It can cause fever, fatigue, muscle pain, and headaches.
* Babesiosis: This parasitic infection is caused by a protozoan. It can cause fever, anemia, and jaundice.