Hunting and illegal trade: the maned wolf is often hunted for its fur or out of fear that it may attack livestock, and it is also illegally traded as a pet.
Competition with domestic dogs: domestic dogs can transmit diseases and parasites to maned wolves, and can also compete with them for food and territory.
Road construction: roads can fragment maned wolf habitats, making it difficult or impossible for individuals to move around and find mates.
Piracy: It is hunted due to the erroneous belief that its tail fur has miraculous powers or magical properties.