* Breed: Some breeds are known for having more calves than others.
* Management: Good nutrition, health care, and breeding practices can increase the number of calves a cow can produce.
* Length of productive life: Cows can be productive for several years, with some living well into their teens.
* Calving intervals: Cows typically have a calving interval of around 1 year, meaning they can have a calf roughly once per year.
Generally, a dairy cow might produce 5-8 calves in her lifetime, while a beef cow could produce 10-15 calves.
Important to note: Cows can have twins, but it's less common than having single calves.