Birthing and Nursing:
- A cow walrus typically gives birth to a single calf every two to three years. The birthing process often occurs on ice floes or along shorelines.
- After birth, the newborn calf relies solely on its mother's milk for nourishment. The cow produces highly nutritious milk that is rich in fat and protein, allowing the calf to grow rapidly.
Maternal Bond:
- Female walruses form strong and enduring bonds with their calves. The bond begins during gestation and continues for several years after birth.
- Cows are extremely protective and attentive mothers. They stay close to their calves at all times, providing warmth, comfort, and protection from potential threats.
Teaching Survival Skills:
- As the calf grows and develops, the cow walrus plays a crucial role in teaching it essential survival skills.
- She teaches her calf how to swim, dive, haul out onto ice, avoid predators, and forage for food. Over time, the calf learns these skills through observation, imitation, and guidance from its mother.
Communal Care:
- While cow walruses raise their calves individually, they often congregate in large groups known as "nurseries." These nurseries provide safety in numbers and allow calves to interact and socialize with one another.
- Cows within a nursery may temporarily take care of each other's calves, demonstrating a sense of communal care and support.
Independence and Weaning:
- The length of time a calf remains dependent on its mother varies. Typically, calves stay with their mothers for up to two years, sometimes longer.
- By the age of two, walrus calves are gradually weaned as they become more proficient at finding their own food. However, the bond between mother and calf often persists even after weaning.
The maternal instincts and care displayed by female walruses are essential for the survival and development of their calves in the challenging Arctic environment. Their nurturing and teaching contribute significantly to the survival of the species.