Why Moisture is a Problem:
* Mold and Rot: Moisture creates the perfect environment for mold and bacteria growth, which can damage the hay and make it unusable for livestock.
* Spoilage: Moisture reduces the hay's nutritional value and can make it taste bad, leading to animals refusing to eat it.
* Fire Hazard: Damp hay can spontaneously combust, especially in large stacks.
Minimizing Moisture:
1. Proper Baling:
* Dry Hay: Only bale hay when it's dry (14% moisture or less).
* Tight Bales: Ensure bales are tightly packed to minimize air pockets where moisture can accumulate.
* Net Wrap vs. Twine: Net wrap allows some air circulation, which can help hay dry further, but twine provides a tighter seal. Choose the option best suited for your climate and hay type.
2. Storage Location:
* Elevated Storage: Store bales on pallets or concrete pads to keep them off the ground and prevent moisture from wicking up.
* Drainage: Ensure the storage area has good drainage to prevent water pooling around the bales.
* Slope: If possible, store bales on a slight slope to allow water to run off.
* Wind Protection: A windbreak (trees, fence) can help shield bales from rain and snow.
3. Protective Measures:
* Tarps: Cover bales with waterproof tarps, especially during heavy rain or snowfall. Use multiple tarps and secure them tightly to prevent flapping and water infiltration.
* Hay Sheds: A hay shed provides the best protection, but can be costly.
* Bale Covers: Pre-made bale covers are available and offer some protection, but they might not be completely waterproof.
4. Rotation and Monitoring:
* First In, First Out: Use older bales first to prevent spoilage.
* Regular Inspections: Inspect bales regularly for signs of mold, discoloration, or water damage.
Tips for Specific Situations:
* High Humidity: In humid climates, prioritize dry hay, tight bales, and elevated storage.
* Winter Storage: Use tarps or shed storage for extra protection during winter.
* Heavy Rain: Move bales to a covered area if heavy rain is expected.
Remember: It's always better to err on the side of caution. If you're unsure about hay moisture content or storage practices, consult a local agriculture expert.