1. Plant Materials:
- Grasses: Emus consume various types of grasses, which form the bulk of their diet. They forage on green grass shoots and leaves, and these grasses provide a significant source of fiber and nutrients.
- Shrubs and Leaves: Emus also feed on foliage from shrubs and trees. They consume leaves, twigs, and buds from native Australian species like wattles (Acacia species) and eucalypts. These plant materials offer a range of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
- Fruits and Seeds: Emus enjoy eating various types of fruits and seeds. They consume native Australian fruits like quandongs (Santalum acuminatum) and fruits from introduced species such as apples and pears. Seeds from grasses, shrubs, and trees also contribute to their dietary intake.
- Invertebrates: While primarily herbivorous, emus do consume some animal-based foods. They prey on various invertebrates, including insects, worms, snails, spiders, and other arthropods. These invertebrates provide a source of protein and other essential nutrients.
2. Additional Feed Ingredients (when managed in captivity):
- Commercial Feeds: In captivity, emus may be provided with commercial feed specifically formulated to meet their nutritional requirements. These feeds typically contain a blend of grains, seeds, pellets, and other ingredients designed to ensure proper growth and development.
- Supplements: Depending on the availability of native plant materials, emu diets in captivity may be supplemented with vitamin and mineral supplements to ensure they are receiving a balanced and complete diet.
In general, the specific feed ingredients consumed by emus can vary depending on the region and habitat they inhabit. Wild emus rely on a diverse diet of locally available plant materials and invertebrates, while managed emus in captivity may receive a more controlled diet that aims to provide all the necessary nutrients for optimal health and well-being.