1. Native Species:
* Endemic Species: These are found only on that specific island and nowhere else in the world. Often, they have evolved unique adaptations to their island environment.
* Examples: Hawaiian Honeycreepers (birds), Galapagos Tortoises (reptiles), Lemurs (mammals in Madagascar)
* Indigenous Species: These were present on the island before humans arrived and have been there for a long time.
* Examples: Koalas (Australia), Komodo Dragons (Indonesia), Giant Sequoias (California)
2. Introduced Species:
* Invasive Species: These were introduced to the island by humans (intentionally or accidentally) and can have negative impacts on the native ecosystem.
* Examples: Rats, Goats, Cats, Cane Toads, Burmese Pythons
* Domesticated Animals: These were brought to the island by humans for various reasons.
* Examples: Cows, Pigs, Horses, Chickens
3. Marine Life:
* Coastal Species: These are adapted to the shoreline and intertidal zones.
* Examples: Crabs, Seagulls, Seals, Dolphins
* Oceanic Species: These spend their lives in the surrounding ocean, but might visit the island for food or breeding.
* Examples: Whales, Sharks, Tuna
4. Birds:
* Migratory Birds: Many bird species visit islands during migration for food and breeding.
* Examples: Geese, Ducks, Warblers
* Seabirds: Birds adapted to living near the ocean and often nest on islands.
* Examples: Penguins, Albatrosses, Puffins
Factors that influence island animal life:
* Geographic Isolation: Islands are separated from continents, making it harder for species to reach them, leading to unique evolutionary paths.
* Climate: Islands with different climates support different types of animals.
* Size and Shape: Larger islands have more diverse habitats and can support a wider range of animals.
* Human Impact: Introduction of invasive species and habitat destruction can significantly impact island ecosystems.
Overall, islands offer a fascinating diversity of animal life, shaped by unique evolutionary pressures and ecological interactions.