- Royal penguins: MacQuarie Island is home to the world's largest population of royal penguins, with over 1 million breeding pairs. These penguins can be seen on the island's numerous beaches and rocky shores.
- King penguins: King penguins are also found on MacQuarie Island, but in much smaller numbers than royal penguins. They can be found in colonies on the island's northern end.
-Gentoo penguins: Gentoo penguins are the smallest of the three penguin species found on MacQuarie Island. They can be seen on the island's beaches and rocky shores, but they are less common than royal and king penguins.
-Emperor penguins: Although emperor penguins are mainly found in Antarctica, a small population breeds on Macquarie Island. They are the largest of the penguin species, and they can be seen on the island's ice floes during the winter months.
In addition to the native species, there are also several introduced species on MacQuarie Island, such as:
-Rabbits: Rabbits were introduced to the island in the 18th century by sealers and whalers. They have since become a pest, as they compete with native wildlife for food and habitat.
-Cats: Cats were also introduced to the island by sealers and whalers. They have also become a pest, as they prey on native wildlife.
-Mice: Mice were introduced to the island accidentally on ships. They have since become a pest, as they compete with native wildlife for food and habitat.
-Rats: Rats were introduced to the island accidentally on ships. They have since become a pest, as they compete with native wildlife for food and habitat.
The introduced species on MacQuarie Island pose a significant threat to the island's native wildlife. The government is working to control these populations and protect the island's unique ecosystem.