1. Woolly Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius):
- Extinct: Approximately 10,000 years ago.
- Cause: Climate change and human hunting.
2. Aurochs (Bos primigenius):
- Extinct: 17th century.
- Cause: Hunting and habitat loss.
3. Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis):
- Extinct: Mid-19th century.
- Cause: Overhunting for food and feathers.
4. European Bison (Bison bonasus):
- Extinct in the wild: Early 20th century.
- Cause: Hunting and habitat destruction.
- Reintroduced in some areas.
5. Tarpan (Equus ferus ferus):
- Extinct: Late 19th century.
- Cause: Crossbreeding with domestic horses and habitat loss.
6. Saiga Antelope (Saiga tatarica):
- Critically endangered: Currently found in some parts of Russia and Kazakhstan, but historically present in Europe.
7. Alpine Ibex (Capra ibex):
- Extinct: 19th century.
- Cause: Overhunting and habitat loss.
- Reintroduced in some areas.
8. European Beaver (Castor fiber):
- Extinct in many parts of Europe: 19th century.
- Cause: Hunting for fur and meat.
- Some populations reintroduced successfully.
9. Great Bustard (Otis tarda):
- Critically endangered: Still present in some areas of Europe, but populations have declined significantly.
10. Monk Seal (Monachus monachus):
- Critically endangered: Historically found in the Mediterranean, now only small populations remain in Greece and Turkey.