1. Jaguar (Panthera onca): Jaguars are larger and more powerful than pumas and they are known to prey on them, especially in areas where their ranges overlap. Jaguars have been documented killing and eating pumas in the wild.
2. Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis): Grizzly bears are large and powerful predators that may occasionally prey on pumas, especially if the puma is young or injured. Grizzly bears are known to be opportunistic predators and may take advantage of an opportunity to kill and eat a puma.
3. Mountain lion (Puma concolor): Male mountain lion will occasionally kill another mountain lion, especially a younger male.
4. Humans (Homo sapiens): Humans are the biggest threat to pumas and are responsible for the majority of puma deaths. Pumas are hunted for various reasons, including sport hunting, predator control, and conflicts with humans and livestock.