Camouflage: Many animals have evolved coloration or patterns that help them blend in with their surroundings, making them less visible to predators. For example, many desert animals are sand-colored, while animals that live in forests may be green or brown.
Crypsis: Some animals have evolved physical structures or behaviors that help them to hide from predators. For example, some frogs have the ability to change their skin color to match their surroundings, while others may have flattened bodies or long tails that help them to blend in with their environment.
Mimicry: Some animals have evolved to resemble other, more dangerous animals, in order to deter predators. For example, some moths have patterns that resemble the eyes of predatory birds, while some snakes have markings that resemble the heads of venomous snakes.
Warning coloration: Some animals have evolved bright or contrasting colors that warn predators that they are dangerous or unpalatable. For example, many poisonous frogs and snakes have bright red, yellow, or orange markings.
Speed: Some animals have evolved to be able to run, fly, or swim quickly, in order to escape from predators. For example, many hoofed mammals, such as deer, can outrun most predators.
Evasive maneuvers: Some animals have evolved to be able to evade predators by using a variety of maneuvers. For example, some fish can swim quickly and erratically, while some birds can fly in unpredictable patterns.
Group defense: Some animals have evolved to live in groups, in order to better defend themselves against predators. For example, many herd animals, such as bison, can use their numbers to deter or defend against predators.
Altruism: Some animals have evolved to engage in altruistic behaviors, such as warning others of danger or helping to protect the young of their species. These behaviors can help to increase the survival chances of the group as a whole.