How do female mammals differ from male mammals?

1. Reproductive System

* Females:

- Have a uterus, which is a muscular organ where a fetus develops during pregnancy.

- Have ovaries, which produce eggs (ova).

- Have fallopian tubes, which transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.

- Have a vagina, which is the birth canal and also serves as the pathway for menstrual flow.

- Have mammary glands, which produce milk to feed their young.

* Males:

- Have testes, which produce sperm.

- Have a penis, which is used to deliver sperm during sexual intercourse.

- Have a prostate gland, which produces seminal fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.

- Have seminal vesicles, which produce seminal fluid.

- Have Cowper's glands, which produce a lubricating fluid that is released during sexual arousal.

2. Hormones:

* Females:

- Estrogen: This hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts.

- Progesterone: This hormone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and maintains it during pregnancy.

* Males:

- Testosterone: This hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair and a deep voice.

3. Chromosomes:

* Females:

- Have two X chromosomes (XX).

* Males:

- Have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY).

4. Secondary Sexual Characteristics:

* Females:

- Develop breasts and wider hips.

- Have a higher percentage of body fat compared to males.

- Tend to be shorter than males on average.

* Males:

- Develop facial hair, broader shoulders, and a muscular build.

- Have a lower percentage of body fat compared to females.

- Tend to be taller than females on average.