Pesticides: Pesticides used to control rodents and other pests can also poison prairie dogs.
Diseases: Prairie dogs are susceptible to various diseases, including sylvatic plague, tularemia, and canine distemper. These diseases can spread among prairie dog colonies and cause population declines.
Hunting: In some areas, prairie dogs are hunted for sport or to protect livestock.
Predation: Prairie dogs are preyed upon by various predators, including coyotes, wolves, foxes, and birds of prey.
Due to these factors, several prairie dog species are listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Conservation efforts are underway to protect their habitats and manage threats to their populations.