Nervous System Issues:
* Grass tetany: This is the most common symptom and can manifest as muscle tremors, twitching, hyper-excitability, staggering, and even convulsions.
* Head pressing: Cows may press their heads against objects due to neurological disturbances.
* Increased anxiety and aggression: Cows may become more easily startled and aggressive.
* Decreased milk production: Hypomagnesemia can reduce milk production.
Other Symptoms:
* Loss of appetite: Cows may stop eating due to a lack of energy or pain.
* Constipation: Magnesium deficiency can lead to constipation and digestive issues.
* Weakness and recumbency: Cows may become weak and unable to stand.
* Cardiac arrhythmias: In severe cases, hypomagnesemia can affect the heart rhythm.
* Death: Untreated, hypomagnesemia can be fatal.
Factors contributing to magnesium deficiency in cows:
* Low magnesium levels in the diet: Grass and hay may be low in magnesium, especially during periods of rapid growth.
* Increased demand for magnesium: Lactation, pregnancy, and stressful conditions like heat stress increase magnesium requirements.
* Poorly absorbed magnesium: Conditions like low pH in the rumen can hinder magnesium absorption.
Prevention and Treatment:
* Supplement with magnesium: Providing magnesium supplements in the diet, either orally or through injections, can help prevent or treat hypomagnesemia.
* Maintain adequate magnesium levels in the diet: Choose forages with higher magnesium content, and consider using mineral supplements.
* Address underlying conditions: Treat any factors that may be contributing to magnesium deficiency, like rumen acidosis.
If you suspect your cows are suffering from magnesium deficiency, it is crucial to consult with a veterinarian immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the chances of recovery and prevent further complications.