Here's why:
* Hypomagnesemia: Grass tetany is caused by a deficiency of magnesium in the blood, known as hypomagnesemia. Magnesium is crucial for nerve and muscle function.
* Muscle Spasms & Seizures: Low magnesium levels lead to muscle spasms, tremors, and potentially life-threatening seizures.
* Respiratory Failure: In severe cases, the muscle spasms can affect the respiratory muscles, leading to difficulty breathing and even respiratory failure.
* Cardiac Complications: Hypomagnesemia can also disrupt heart rhythm and lead to cardiac complications.
Factors increasing the risk of death:
* Severe hypomagnesemia: The lower the blood magnesium levels, the higher the risk of death.
* Rapid onset: Sudden and severe cases are more likely to be fatal.
* Age and Breed: Young, lactating, and certain breeds (e.g., Holsteins) are more susceptible to grass tetany.
Prevention is crucial:
* Supplementation: Provide magnesium supplements, especially during periods of high risk (spring and fall).
* Balanced Diet: Ensure cattle have access to a balanced diet rich in magnesium.
* Monitoring: Monitor cattle closely for signs of grass tetany, and seek veterinary attention immediately if symptoms appear.
Early detection and prompt veterinary care can significantly increase survival chances.