* Recombinant Human Insulin: This is the most common type of insulin used today. It's produced through genetic engineering. Scientists insert the human insulin gene into bacteria, yeast, or other microorganisms, which then produce insulin identical to that produced by the human pancreas.
* Plant-based Insulin: Research is underway to develop insulin from plants. Scientists are exploring ways to genetically modify plants to produce insulin in their leaves, seeds, or other parts. This could potentially offer a more sustainable and cost-effective source of insulin.
Why is animal-derived insulin no longer the primary source?
* Ethical Concerns: Extracting insulin from animals raised concerns about animal welfare and the potential for disease transmission.
* Allergies: Some people developed allergies to animal insulin.
* Availability and Cost: Recombinant human insulin is readily available and more affordable than animal-derived insulin.
So, while animal-derived insulin was once the only source, it's no longer the primary method of insulin production. Recombinant human insulin offers a safer, more ethical, and efficient way to meet the needs of people with diabetes.